Nossos serviços estão apresentando instabilidade no momento. Algumas informações podem não estar disponíveis.

Favelas and Poor Urban Communities

Description

Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, relations of neighborhood, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.

In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclature, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.

Favelas and poor urban communities express the socio-spatial inequality of the Brazilian urbanization. They portray the incompleteness - the precariousness, in the limit - of the governmental policies and private investments to provide an urban infrastructure, public services, collective equipment and environmental protection to the sites where they are located, reproducing conditions of vulnerability. They become worsened with the legal insecurity of the ownership, which also compromises the guarantee of the right to housing and the legal protection against forced evictions and displacements. Click here to check the criteria used by the IBGE to identify favelas and poor urban communities.

 

About the publication - 2010 - First results

The first results of the 6,329 territorial areas, classified as subnormal agglomerates in the 2010 Population Census show information about the resident population and the number of occupied households in favelas (slums), invasões (invaded properties), grotas (slums in deep valleys), baixadas (slums in low-lands), comunidades (poor communities), vilas (slums in villages), ressacas (slums in backwaters), mocambos (type of shack) and palafitas (stilt houses), among other irregular settlements for the Country, Major Regions, Federation Units and Municipalities.

The publication can be accessed in PDF format, including the methodological notes about the survey and the concepts and definitions of the features now released. The attached CD-ROM contains all the information available in the printed publication, including information for all the subnormal agglomerates surveyed and their limits in SHP or KMZ (compatible with Google Earth) formats, as well as selected social indicators.

Files for Google Earth

The Subnormal Agglomerates are presented, in this directory, in a format for Google Earth visualization. Each file represents a Federation Unit, where the material is organized according to the municipalities (in the first level) and their repective Subnormal Agglomerates (in the second level).

It is possible to identify in the file the name of the Subnormal Agglomerate, the number of occupied private households and the resident population in the occupied private households, according to the 2010 Population Census.

Shapefiles

In this folder, the Subnormal Agglomerates are presented in two shapefiles: 

AglomeradosSubnormais2010_Limites: File with the outline of the 6,329 Subnormal Agglomerates identified in the country in the 2010 Population Census. In the content table of these file you can find the code of the Subnormal Agglomerate (CodAGSN), the name of the Subnormal Agglomerate (NM_AGSN), the municipality code where the Subnormal Agglomerate is located (CD_GEOCODM), the municipality's name (NM_MUNICIP) and the Federation Unit code where the Subnormal Agglomerate is located (FU).

AglomeradosSubnormais2010_SetoresCensitarios: File with 15,868 classified enumeration areas which compose the Subnormal Agglomerates. In the content table of this file you can find the enumeration area code (CD_GEOCODI), the Subnormal Agglomerate code (CD_AGSN), the name of the Subnormal Agglomerate (NM_AGSN), the municipality code where the Subnormal Agglomerate is located (CD_GEOCODM), the municipality’s name (NM_MUNICIP) and the Federation Unit code where the Subnormal Agglomerate is located (FU).

More on the product - 2010 - First results

Publication

Applications

Databases and tables

Tecnical Notes

 

Learn more - 2010 - First results

Downloads

News and Releases

IBGE launches interactive dashboard to help municipalities fight the pandemic

The IBGE launches today (21) the Covid-19 Dashboard by Municipality, with interactive maps that enable...

21/09/2020

Nearly two thirds of slums are less than 2 kilometers from hospitals

Brazil has nearly two thirds (64.93%) of the subnormal agglomerates located less than two kilometers...

19/05/2020

See more releases

Links

FAQ

What is a Favela and a Poor Urban Community?
Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, neighborhood relations, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.

In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclatures, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.

What are the criteria used by the IBGE to identify these areas?
The IBGE uses the following criteria to identify favelas and poor urban communities:

  • Predominance of households with different degrees of legal insecurity of ownership, and at least one of the other criteria below;
  • Lack or incomplete and/or precarious supply of public services (street and residential lightning, water supply, sewage disposal, drainage systems and regular garbage collection) by competent institutions; and/or
  • Predominance of buildings, street layout and infrastructure usually self-produced and/or guided by urban and construction parameters different from those established by public bodies; and/or
  • Location in areas with restrictions to occupation established by either the environmental or urban legislation, like land strips of roads and railways, energy transmission lines and protected areas, among others; or in urban sites characterized as areas of environmental risk (geological, geomorphological, climate, hydrological and of contamination).

How was the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community?
The information about this process can be found on the Methodological Note about the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community. More information can be obtained on the National Meeting for the Production, Analysis and Dissemination of Information on Favelas and Poor Urban Communities in Brazil website.