Nossos serviços estão apresentando instabilidade no momento. Algumas informações podem não estar disponíveis.

Favelas and Poor Urban Communities

Description

Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, relations of neighborhood, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.

In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclature, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.

Favelas and poor urban communities express the socio-spatial inequality of the Brazilian urbanization. They portray the incompleteness - the precariousness, in the limit - of the governmental policies and private investments to provide an urban infrastructure, public services, collective equipment and environmental protection to the sites where they are located, reproducing conditions of vulnerability. They become worsened with the legal insecurity of the ownership, which also compromises the guarantee of the right to housing and the legal protection against forced evictions and displacements. Click here to check the criteria used by the IBGE to identify favelas and poor urban communities.

 

About the publication - 2010 - Territorial Information

Population censuses produce information that portray the territorial distribution and the major characteristics of people and households, and it also allows tracing the time evolution, which is indispensable for policy making and decision making in investments, whether they are private initiatives or governmental at any level. As it surveys all the households in the country, the census consists of the only knowledge source of the population’s life conditions in all municipalities and within their territorial subdivisions – district, sub-district, neighborhoods and the classification according the urban or rural areas – whose socioeconomic realities depend on the census’ results in order for them to be recognized.

With this release, the IBGE puts out new information about territorial divisions classified as subnormal agglomerates in the 2010 Population Census. The name includes the many types of irregular settlements in the country, as favelas, squatting, grotto, lowlands, communities, villages, floodplain areas, mocambos, stilts and others. In this release, an essentially spatial perspective of those agglomerates is presented, based on the results of the Territorial Information Survey – LIT that is carried out in the enumeration areas where they are found, coupled with satellite images and photography, besides other informational resources from city halls and local planning offices. LIT information, the major input used in this approach, gathers the characteristics and the location of the agglomerate site, its urban pattern, accessibility, occupation density, as well the data about the household verticalization and the spacing between them.  

The publication has technical notes, with methodological considerations about the survey and the concepts and definitions of the characteristics that were released, and comments organized in two chapters: the first one provides a general view of the subnormal agglomerates in the country based on analyses of the selected variables of the Territorial Information Survey, pursuing regional spatial patterns; the second one presents the intra-metropolitan pattern of spatial characterization of subnormal agglomerates for São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belém, Salvador and Recife. The printed volume shows results for Brazil, Major Regions, Federation Units and Municipalities. The enclosed CD-ROM has the territorial divisions of Metropolitan Areas, Integrated Development Areas (RIDE), districts and subdistricts.

More on the product - 2010 - Territorial Information

Publication

Applications

Databases and tables

Technical Notes

Learn more - 2010 - Territorial Information

Downloads

News and Releases

IBGE launches interactive dashboard to help municipalities fight the pandemic

The IBGE launches today (21) the Covid-19 Dashboard by Municipality, with interactive maps that enable...

21/09/2020

Nearly two thirds of slums are less than 2 kilometers from hospitals

Brazil has nearly two thirds (64.93%) of the subnormal agglomerates located less than two kilometers...

19/05/2020

See more releases

Links

FAQ

What is a Favela and a Poor Urban Community?
Favelas and Poor Urban Communities are popular territories originated from several strategies used by the population to address, usually in autonomous and collective form, their housing needs and associated uses (trade, services, leisure and culture, among others), in the face of the lack and inadequacy of public policies and private investments aimed at assuring the right to the city. In many cases, due to their shared origin, neighborhood relations, community engagement and intense use of common spaces, they constitute identity and community representation.

In Brazil, these spaces appear in different forms and nomenclatures, like favelas, invaded areas, poor communities, slums in backwaters, slums in deep valleys, slums in low-lands, slums in villages, shacks, stilt houses, informal allotments and hut villages, among others, expressing geographic, historical and cultural differences in their formation.

What are the criteria used by the IBGE to identify these areas?
The IBGE uses the following criteria to identify favelas and poor urban communities:

  • Predominance of households with different degrees of legal insecurity of ownership, and at least one of the other criteria below;
  • Lack or incomplete and/or precarious supply of public services (street and residential lightning, water supply, sewage disposal, drainage systems and regular garbage collection) by competent institutions; and/or
  • Predominance of buildings, street layout and infrastructure usually self-produced and/or guided by urban and construction parameters different from those established by public bodies; and/or
  • Location in areas with restrictions to occupation established by either the environmental or urban legislation, like land strips of roads and railways, energy transmission lines and protected areas, among others; or in urban sites characterized as areas of environmental risk (geological, geomorphological, climate, hydrological and of contamination).

How was the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community?
The information about this process can be found on the Methodological Note about the change from Subnormal Agglomerate into Favela and Poor Urban Community. More information can be obtained on the National Meeting for the Production, Analysis and Dissemination of Information on Favelas and Poor Urban Communities in Brazil website.